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STS-1

OV-102 (Columbia)
April 12-14, 1981

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In training
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In training

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"Man has three sets of capabilities that make him extremely hard to replace by any machine: 1) he has a very wide-band set of sensors for acquiring information; 2) he has in his head a built-in memory and computer than cannot yet be matched by our largest and fastest machines; and finally he has a remarkably versatile capability for action, and physical operations with his body, hands, and tools. These three capabilities make man such a valuable element in space science and applications that we need to take advantage of him at the site of operations whenever this is feasible..."
- Dr. George E. Mueller, 3-10-69

In training

STS-1 stamp The shuttle operates with four primary computers and one backup computer, known as a quad-redundant system. All five systems on STS-1 were modified IBM AP-101 computers. IBM programmed the four primary computers; Rockwell International programmed the backup computer.
STS-1 stamp The computer systems are programmed independently to guard against the possiblities of the same software problem causing failure in all systems. This is an example of dissimilar redundancy - doing the same thing in more than one way in order to prevent total system failure.

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